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Title
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Nuremberg Code
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ABP identifier
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ABP-W-0009
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Date
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1947
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Type
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Ethical code / judicial principles
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Description
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Ten principles for permissible human experimentation articulated in the judgment of the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg. The principles emphasized voluntary consent, scientific justification, proportionality of risk, avoidance of unnecessary suffering, participant withdrawal, and investigator responsibility.
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Intellectual stream
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Research ethics & consent
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Verification status
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Verified
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Evidence confidence
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High
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Historical significance
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The Nuremberg Code became a landmark document in research ethics and an important antecedent to later human-subject protections. Its significance should not be narrated as immediate or uniform adoption within U.S. medicine; its influence developed unevenly over time.
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Open question
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How should the project document the gap between the Code's later canonical status and its more limited early influence on ordinary U.S. clinical research?